The most basic principle of the idea of self-cleaning technology (SCT) is the properties of spherical water droplets that can be removed dirt particles. The essential conditions for the formation of self-cleaning properties are the combination of surface hydrophobic epicuticular wax, and a hierarchical structure could contribute to a high water contact angle (CA), and a low sliding angle (SA) 1. Inspiration for nature will give an idea to develop a simple and low-cost method to construct and fabricated the self-cleaning surfaces with superhydrophobic (SHP) capable of advanced applications towards the self-cleaning. A review article was written by Ganesh et al. 2 on self-cleaning coatings of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, and also focused on their working mechanism, and fabrication techniques. Biomimetic self-cleaning surfaces were studied by Xu et al. 3, they reported that self-cleaning studies with water and without water was discussed. Few of the researchers have been addressed their problems of self-cleaning SHP surfaces represent a significant technological innovation in recent studies on durable surfaces. SCT used for daily application, self-cleaning surfaces were survived under harsh conditions, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and chemical corrosion. Hereafter, designing and constructing durable and chemically stable SHP surfaces have become progressively meaningful and practical 4.
Durability enhancement of SHP surfaces was an essential issue for SCT, it would still necessary to develop a good SHP coatings achieved by the majority of methods hold limited abrasion resistance (AR), corrosion free, efficiency, non-hazardous chemicals, and stability. Researchers indorse that to use the alternative eco-friendly chemicals such as fluorine-containing chemicals, and organic chemicals, which are dangerous for human health and environmental conditions 5. Recently, there have been several studies have enunciated to the mechanical integrity of the SHP coatings, evaluating its outdoor stability and AR. The AR was resolute in assessing the change in a static CA, CA hysteresis, and the coefficient of surface friction 6.
Nowadays, seeking out low-cost materials and developing one-step methods has become gradually important to fabricating self-cleaning SHP surfaces. For this reason, Sas et al. 7 reviewed article in a brief overview of the idea of SHP self-cleaning surfaces and basic principles of the electrospinning process, considered into several groups and their results have been compared in SHP behaviors. An alternative approach is necessary for the minimizing a major problem facing to reduce the cost of preparation of self-cleaning surfaces and simultaneously, consider on the eco-friendly coatings for improvement on environmental conditions for in a long period of durability and it will reduce time, energy, and laundry cost 8. The SCT is also useful in the various applications including the textile materials normally used in daily life. The SCT also developed various applications such as medical, textiles, athletic wear, outdoor fabrics, and military uniform. SCT fabrics are beneficial to human life as it effectively conserves water 9. Much of SCT has been already the presence of reflected in our daily life in different uses, such as clothes, shoes, waterproof umbrellas, and paints.
The main purpose of this article to overview of significant SCT durability studies initiated into the literature. The most relevant research investigations into durability of SCT results achieved from last decades. To summarize, compare and discuss the results from advances in durability of SCT, influencing characteristics of durability of SCT and also how efficiency and durability essential for SCT elaborated. The SCT of durability based materials fabrication method discussed in separate section. To delivery some general conclusions of the most suitable fabrication methods and their applications for studying the durability, and also recommend some future scenarios to develop them.
